我們常用的電(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件的主(zhu)要有(you)：晶體管、集(ji)成電(dian)路、電(dian)阻器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)感器(qi)(qi)，這些電(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件按照不同類(lei)別分類(lei)種類(lei)繁多，下面(mian)簡(jian)單一一列舉。

　　一、晶體管分類

　　按晶體管(guan)使用的半導體材料分(fen)類：硅材料晶體管(guan)和鍺材料晶體管(guan)。

　　按晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)的極性分類：鍺NPN型(xing)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)、鍺PNP晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)、硅NPN型(xing)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)和硅PNP型(xing)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)。

　　按晶(jing)(jing)體管(guan)結構及制造工(gong)藝分類：擴(kuo)散型(xing)晶(jing)(jing)體管(guan)、合金型(xing)晶(jing)(jing)體管(guan)和平面(mian)型(xing)晶(jing)(jing)體管(guan)。

　　按晶體(ti)管電流容量(liang)分類；小(xiao)功率晶體(ti)管、中功率晶體(ti)管和大功率晶體(ti)管 。

　　按晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)工作頻(pin)(pin)率分(fen)類低頻(pin)(pin)晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和超高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)等。

　　按晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)結構分類：金屬封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)（簡(jian)(jian)稱(cheng)金封(feng)(feng)）晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管、塑料封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)（簡(jian)(jian)稱(cheng)塑封(feng)(feng)）晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管、玻(bo)璃殼(ke)封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)（簡(jian)(jian)稱(cheng)玻(bo)封(feng)(feng)）晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管、表(biao)面封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)（片狀(zhuang)）晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管和陶瓷封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管等。其封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)外形多種多樣。

　　按晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)功能和用途分類；低噪聲放(fang)大晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)、中高頻放(fang)大晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)、低頻放(fang)大晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)、開關晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)、達林頓(dun)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)、高反壓晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)、帶阻晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)、帶阻尼晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)、微波晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)、光敏晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)和磁敏晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)等多種類型(xing)。

　　二、集成電路(lu)的(de)分類

　　按功能結(jie)構分類：模擬集(ji)成電路(lu)(lu)、數(shu)字集(ji)成電路(lu)(lu)、數(shu)/模混(hun)合(he)集(ji)成電路(lu)(lu)。

　　按制作工藝分類：半(ban)導(dao)體集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)路和膜集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)路；膜集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)路可分為厚膜集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)路和薄膜集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)路。

　　按集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)高低分類：SSIC 小規(gui)模集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、MSIC 中規(gui)模集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、LSIC 大(da)(da)規(gui)模集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、VLSIC 超大(da)(da)規(gui)模集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、ULSIC特大(da)(da)規(gui)模集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、GSIC 巨大(da)(da)規(gui)模集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)也被稱作極大(da)(da)規(gui)模集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或超特大(da)(da)規(gui)模集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。

　　按導電(dian)類型分類：雙(shuang)極型集(ji)成電(dian)路和單極型集(ji)成電(dian)路，他們都是數字集(ji)成電(dian)路。

　　按(an)用(yong)(yong)途分類：電(dian)視機(ji) 用(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)、音響用(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)、影碟(die)機(ji)用(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)、錄像機(ji)用(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)、電(dian)腦（微機(ji)）用(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)、電(dian)子琴(qin)用(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)、通信用(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)、照相機(ji)用(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)、遙控集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)、語言(yan)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)、報警(jing)器用(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)及(ji)各種專用(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)。

　　按應用領域分類(lei)：標準通用集(ji)(ji)成電路(lu)和專用集(ji)(ji)成電路(lu)。

　　按(an)外(wai)形分類(lei)：圓形（金屬外(wai)殼晶體(ti)管封(feng)裝型(xing)，一般適合用(yong)于大(da)功率）、扁平型(xing)（穩定(ding)性好(hao)，體(ti)積小）和雙列直插型(xing)。

　　三、電容(rong)器的分類

　　按照(zhao)結構分三大類：固定電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、可變電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)和微調電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。

　　按電(dian)解(jie)質分類有(you)：有(you)機(ji)介(jie)(jie)質電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、無機(ji)介(jie)(jie)質電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、電(dian)解(jie)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)和空(kong)氣介(jie)(jie)質電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)等。

　　按(an)用途分有(you)：高頻旁路(lu)、低(di)頻旁路(lu)、濾波、調諧、高頻耦合(he)、低(di)頻耦合(he)、小(xiao)型電容器。

　　高頻旁路：陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、云母電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、玻璃膜電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、滌綸電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、玻璃釉電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)。

　　低(di)頻旁(pang)路(lu)：紙介電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、陶瓷電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、滌綸電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。

　　濾(lv) 波：鋁電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容器、紙(zhi)介電(dian)(dian)容器、復合紙(zhi)介電(dian)(dian)容器、液體(ti)鉭電(dian)(dian)容器。

　　調 諧：陶瓷電容(rong)器(qi)、云母電容(rong)器(qi)、玻璃膜(mo)電容(rong)器(qi)、聚苯乙烯電容(rong)器(qi)。

　　高頻耦合：陶瓷(ci)電容器、云母電容器、聚苯乙烯電容器。

　　低(di)頻耦合：紙介(jie)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、陶(tao)瓷電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、鋁(lv)電解電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、滌(di)綸電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、固體鉭電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)。

　　小型電(dian)(dian)容(rong)：金屬化(hua)紙介電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、聚苯乙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、固(gu)體鉭電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃釉電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、金屬化(hua)滌綸電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、聚丙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、云母電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。

　　四、電阻器的(de)分類

　　線(xian)繞(rao)電阻(zu)器(qi)：通用線(xian)繞(rao)電阻(zu)器(qi)、精密線(xian)繞(rao)電阻(zu)器(qi)、大功率(lv)線(xian)繞(rao)電阻(zu)器(qi)、高頻線(xian)繞(rao)電阻(zu)器(qi)。

　　薄膜(mo)(mo)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)：碳膜(mo)(mo)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)、合成碳膜(mo)(mo)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)、金屬膜(mo)(mo)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)、金屬氧(yang)化膜(mo)(mo)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)、化學沉積膜(mo)(mo)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃(li)釉膜(mo)(mo)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)、金屬氮化膜(mo)(mo)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)。

　　實心電(dian)阻器：無機合成實心碳(tan)質電(dian)阻器、有機合成實心碳(tan)質電(dian)阻器。

　　敏感(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)：壓敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)、熱敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)、光敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)、力(li)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)、氣敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)、濕敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)。

　　五、電感的分類

　　按電(dian)感形式分類：固定電(dian)感、可變電(dian)感。

　　按導磁體性質分類：空芯線圈、鐵(tie)氧體線圈、鐵(tie)芯線圈、銅芯線圈。

　　按工作性質(zhi)分類：天線(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、振蕩(dang)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、扼流線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、陷波(bo)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、偏轉線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)。

　　按繞線結(jie)構分類：單層(ceng)線圈、多(duo)層(ceng)線圈、蜂(feng)房式線圈。

以上(shang)是(shi)我們常用的(de)電(dian)子(zi)元器件的(de)分類，涉及的(de)種類較(jiao)多，這(zhe)里就不一一解釋，做了類目劃分，希望這(zhe)些(xie)劃分能讓(rang)您對電(dian)子(zi)元器件了解多些(xie)。